The concept of disinfection, while perhaps not explicitly articulated, has been practiced for centuries. However, the scientific understanding of microorganisms and their role in disease led to a more systematic approach to disinfection in the 19th century. Nowdays, people have been so reliable on the disinfectants to keep us safe and healthy. The importance of correctly understand the various commonly used disinfectants becomes critical though negelected. Below are the common disinfectants can be found in household or anywhere needs to be “clean”.
Povidone-iodine: Also known as PVP-iodine, it’s an organic iodine compound with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. It’s less irritating than iodine tincture and is suitable for skin and mucous membrane disinfection. Common uses include pre-surgical skin disinfection, wound care, and treating vaginal infections.
Iodine Tincture: A solution of iodine, potassium iodide, and ethanol. It’s used for skin disinfection but requires a 75% alcohol rinse to prevent skin burns. Caution should be exercised with newborns and those allergic to iodine.
Mercurochrome: Also known as merbromin, it’s a weak disinfectant with low toxicity. It’s used for disinfecting minor skin wounds.
Crystal Violet: A dye with antiseptic properties. It’s used for treating superficial wounds, ulcers, and skin infections.
Ethyl Alcohol: Medical-grade alcohol. The concentration determines its use:
- 95% is used for sterilizing medical equipment.
- 70-75% is used for skin disinfection and de-iodinating iodine tincture.
- 40-50% is used for preventing bedsores.
- 25-50% is used for physical fever reduction.
As always, I like to present the key summaries in a table for simplicity.
| Disinfectant | Key Features | Common Uses | Precautions |
| Povidone-iodine | Broad-spectrum, less irritating | Skin, mucous membrane disinfection, wound care | Generally safe |
| Iodine tincture | Potent, requires alcohol rinse | Skin disinfection | Avoid on broken skin, newborns, and those allergic to iodine |
| Mercurochrome | Weak disinfectant, low toxicity | Minor skin wounds | Less commonly used |
| Crystal Violet | Antiseptic dye | Superficial wounds, ulcers | |
| Ethyl alcohol | Versatile, concentration-dependent | Skin disinfection, sterilization | Avoid high concentrations on skin |
Please be alerted this is not a medical suggestion.